Salvar al soldado Ryan con 300 espartanos: historia, memoria, mito

El presente artículo tiene por objeto indagar en los temas de la construcción de la memoria, el mito y la tradición oral, tal como se han proyectado en dos películas recientes de gran impacto internacional, principalmente 300 (2007, Zack Snyder) y Salvar al Soldado Ryan (1998, Steven Spielberg). También pretendemos explorar las innovaciones que las técnicas del nuevo cine digital están aportando a estas mitologías contemporáneas.The present paper addresses the issues of construction of memory, myth and oral tradition as we see in two recent films of great international impact, 300 (2007, Zack Snyder) and Saving Private Ryan (1998, Steven Spielberg). We also intend to explore the technical innovations that new digital cinema is bringing into these contemporary mythologies

Tourism SMEs in a Digital Environment: Literature Review

Purpose - The aim of the research is to present the main challenges faced by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the tourism industry, to build and enhance their value proposition within the framework of a digital environment. Design/methodology/approach - The authors carried out a review of the literature in databases using keywords. The selection of sources includes scientific articles and case studies based on different methods and contexts. Findings - The findings suggest that in a context characterized by the integration of the economy and the interference of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), commercialization has become flexible and accessible. The above has had a tangible impact on the structure of the market and in the way in which the SMEs in the tourism industry are managed. Research limitations/implications - The study offers an up-to-date and global vision for future researchers through the review of the literature on SMEs located in the tourism industry in the context of a digital environment. Social implications - The study shows that to survive and grow, SMEs in the tourism sector must differentiate themselves from their competitors, evolve in their business model and rapidly integrate ICT in their organizational fabric. Originality/value - The construction of a value proposition for SMEs in the tourism sector should be settled on an understanding of the position held, on the competence of the competitors and the needs of the market

Restauración de templos religiosos: intervención en la iglesia de Nuestra Señora de Belén en Crevillente (Alicante)

Heritage conservation has raised historical problems usually centered in defects resulting from water leaks. Thus, any intervention is presented as a difficult task, both due to building techniques to be used and the lack of economic resources in many cases. In relation to the temples existing in Alicante (Spain), water drainage is solved with pitched roofs on slope formation (in vaulted naves) or directly supported on the vaulted elements (in the domes). Since those construction systems are composed by brick and plaster, the presence of moisture is problematic, and represents a risk of losing the strength capacity and therefore the stability of the dome. An example of this problem is the dome of the church “Nuestra Señora de Belén” in Crevillente, built with solid bricks, it has the highest diameter of the province (18th century). This historic building has been restored on several occasions in the recent years due to moisture, cracks or fissures. The study of these works give an idea of the difficulties of maintenance, conservation and proper restoration of such kind of buildings as unique and valued constructions in our heritage

3D teaching: the ideal complement for professionals in design and construction

Today, the requirement of professional skills to university students is constantly increasing in our society. In our opinion, the content offered in official degrees need to be nourished with different variables, enriching their global professional knowledge in a parallel way; that is why, in recent years, there is a great multiplicity of complementary courses at university. One of the most socially demanded technical requirements within the architectural, design or engineering field is the management of 3D drawing software, becoming an indispensable reality in these sectors. Thus, this specific training becomes essential over two-dimension traditional design, because the inclusion of great possibilities of spatial development that go beyond conventional orthographic projections (plans, sections or elevations), allowing modelling and rotation of the selected items from multiple angles and perspectives. Therefore, this paper analyzes the teaching methodology of a complementary course for those technicians in the construction industry interested in computer-aided design, using modelling (SketchupMake) and rendering programs (Kerkythea). The course is developed from the technician point of view, by learning computer management and its application to professional development from a more general to a more specific view through practical examples. The proposed methodology is based on the development of real examples in different professional environments such as rehabilitation, new constructions, opening projects or architectural design. This multidisciplinary contribution improves criticism of students in different areas, encouraging new learning strategies and the independent development of three-dimensional solutions. Thus, the practical implementation of new situations, even suggested by the students themselves, ensures active participation, saving time during the design process and the increase of effectiveness when generating elements which may be represented, moved or virtually tested. In conclusion, this teaching-learning methodology improves the skills and competencies of students to face the growing professional demands of society. After finishing the course, technicians not only improved their expertise in the field of drawing but they also enhanced their capacity for spatial vision; both essential qualities in these sectors that can be applied to their professional development with great success

Evolution of documents on architectural projects in Alicante, Spain, from late 19th century to the present

La imagen que hoy tenemos de la documentación mínima a exigir en un proyecto edificatorio ha cambiado a lo largo de los años. Así, las exigencias establecidas en cualquiera de los campos de la arquitectura han ido in crescendo con el paso del tiempo debido a nuevos requerimientos que están mucho más patentes, si cabe, en el ámbito de la expresión gráfica arquitectónica. El objetivo prioritario de este trabajo es estudiar la evolución de la documentación oficial aportada en los proyectos de arquitectura presentados desde finales del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad en la provincia de Alicante (España) para, con su mejor comprensión y el análisis sintético de sus características, discernir cuál ha sido la generación de material gráfico en este tiempo y cómo se han materializado los distintos proyectos arquitectónicos en cada periodo.The image we have today about the minimum documentation required in a building project has not been constant over the years. Thus, the regulations in architectural projects have increased over time due to new and more visible requirements in the field of architectural graphic expression. The main objective of this work is to study the evolution of formal documents provided in architectural projects from the late nineteenth century to the present in the province of Alicante (Spain) in order to discern, with a better understanding and synthetic analysis of their features, the generation of graphical material and how different projects have been materialized in each period

Construction of Structures I in Moodle: a new teaching methodology in the Degree of Building Engineer

The subject of Construction of Structures I studies, from a constructive point of view and taking into account current legislation, reinforced concrete structures used in buildings, through the acquisition of knowledge and construction criteria required in the profession of a Technical Architect. The contents acquired in this course are essential for further professional development of technicians and are closely related to many of the subjects taught in the same or other courses of the Degree in Technical Architecture at the University of Alicante. The aim of this paper is to present, analyze and discuss the development of a new methodology proposed in the mentioned subject, as it supposed an important change in the traditional way of teaching Construction and Structures I. In order to incorporate new teaching tools in 2013-2014, the course has been implemented by using a Moodle software tool to promote blended learning with online exercises. Our Moodle community allows collaborative work within an open-source platform where teachers and students share a new and personalized learning environment. Students are easily used to the interface and the platform, value the constant connection with teachers or other fellows and completely agree with the possibility of making questions or share documents 24 hours a day. The proposed methodology consists of lectures and practical classes. In the lectures, the basics of each topic are discussed; class attendance, daily study and conducting scheduled exercises are indispensable. Practical classes allow to consolidate the knowledge gained in theory classes by solving professional exercises and actual construction problems related to structures, that shall be compulsorily delivered online. So, after the correction of the teacher and the subsequent feedback of students, practical exercises ensure lifelong learning of the student, who can download any kind of material at any time (constructive details, practical exercises and even corrected exams). Regarding the general evaluation system, goals achievement is assessed on an ongoing basis (65% of the final mark) along the course through written and graphic evidences in person and online, as well as a individual development of a workbook. In all cases, the acquisition of skills, the ability to synthesize, the capacity of logical and critical thinking are assessed. The other 35 % of the mark is evaluated by a complementary graphic exam. Participation in the computing platform is essential and the student is required to do and present, at least 90% of the practices proposed. Those who do not comply with the practices in each specific date could not be assessed continuously and may only choose the final exam. In conclusion, the subject of Construction of Structures I is essential in the development of the regulated profession of Technical Architect as they are considered, among other professional profiles, as specialists in construction of building structures. The use of a new communication platform and online teaching allows the acquisition of knowledge and constructive approaches in a continuous way, with a more direct and personal monitoring by the teacher that has been highly appreciated by almost 100% of the students. Ultimately, it is important to say that the use of Moodle in this subject is a very interesting tool, which was really well welcome by students in one of the densest and important subjects of the Degree of Technical Architecture

Infrared thermography applied to historical domes: identification and analysis of building systems

El uso específico de la termografía infrarroja como técnica no destructiva permite el estudio de sistemas constructivos en edificios históricos (caracterización de materiales, disposición constructiva o identificación de elementos originales). Así, se muestra una aplicación práctica en templos en la provincia de Alicante construidos entre finales del siglo XVII y principios del xix, donde se analiza la complementariedad de las imágenes termográficas de 140 cúpulas (junto con datos recopilados in situ, dibujos originales y levantamiento de planos) como herramienta de estudio en fases de análisis previas a una restauración. En conclusión, la investigación detalla una aplicación termográfica al estudio de distintos aspectos como el reconocimiento de materiales empleados (90,71 % ladrillo macizo, 6,43 % ladrillo hueco y 2,86 % piedra), variaciones de espesor interior y exterior (75,71 % perfil apuntado, 17,86 % perfil semiesférico y 6,43 % perfil rebajado), caracterización de grietas/fisuras (estado de conservación) e identificación de cúpulas originales (96,43 %) o restauradas (3,57 %).The specific use of infrared thermography as a non-destructive technique allows the study of constructive systems in historic buildings (characterization of materials, construction layers and identification of original / restored elements). Thus, a practical application is shown in temples built between the late seventeenth and the early nineteenth century in the province of Alicante, where complementarity of thermographic images of 140 domes is analysed (along with data collected in situ, original drawings and draw up plans) as a research tool in analysis phases prior to a restoration. In conclusion, research shows how thermography is applicable to the study of different aspects such as the recognition of materials used (90.71 % solid brick, 6.43 % hollow brick and 2.86 % stone), thickness variations (75.71 % pointed shape, 17.86 % hemispherical shape and 6.43 % low shape), characterization of cracks / fissures (conservation conditions) and identification of original (96.43 %) o restored domes (3.57 %)

‘Memories of a music journalist’ (a graphic novel)

[EN] Memories of a music journalist is a graphic novel that I am making with Santi Carrillo, music journalist and director of Spanish magazine Rockdelux. A memoir tends to the abstract evocation of memories, sensations and emotions —that is why Carrillo’s literary text has raised a series of formal challenges in order to transform his text into a narrative in images, particulary in some essay chapters and in his memories about his childhood or the early death of his father. Still in the making, the work is structured in chapters associated with songs that are part of his biography and memory. For the most part of its history, the traditional comics have been a form / medium focused on external action: the slapstick, since its beginnings as a mass medium at the end of the XIX century, and the adventure fiction (exotic adventures, science fiction, superheroes, etc.) have nurtured most of the comics of the twentieth century. Only in recent decades an artistic comic for adults, the so-called graphic novel, has addressed other issues: memory, history, biography, essays—in short, reality. These new topics require the development of new formal tools to represent the inner world of ideas, feelings and sensations. In Memories of a music journalist I am using some allegorical designs, visual metaphors and the combination of different kind of representational languages (i.e., contrasts between drawing and photography) and styles (from caricature to realism).[ES] Memorias de un periodista musical es una novela gráfica que realizo con Santi Carrillo, periodista musical y director de Rockdelux. Las memorias tienden a la evocación abstracta de recuerdos, sensaciones y emociones; por eso, su texto literario me ha planteado una serie de desafíos formales a la hora de transformarlo en una narración en imágenes, particularmente en pasajes ensayísticos y de memoria sobre su infancia o la muerte temprana de su padre. La obra, aún en proceso, se estructura en capítulos asociados a canciones concretas que forman parte de su biografía y memoria. El cómic tradicional ha sido durante la mayor parte de su historia una forma / medio enfocado a la acción concreta y externa: la comedia de slapstick, ya desde sus comienzos como medio de masas a finales del siglo XIX, y la ficción de aventuras (exóticas, ciencia ficción, superheroicas, etc.) han nutrido la mayoría del cómic del siglo XX, juvenil. No ha sido hasta décadas recientes cuando un cómic artístico para adultos, la llamada novela gráfica, ha abordado otras temáticas: la memoria, la historia, la biografía, lo ensayístico; en resumen, la realidad. Estas nuevas temáticas exigen la elaboración de nuevos recursos formales para representar el mundo interior de ideas, emociones y sensaciones. En Memorias de un periodista musical he acudido al uso de diseños alegóricos, metáforas visuales y la combinación de diversos lenguajes (contrastes entre dibujo y fotografía) y estilos representacionales (de la caricatura al realismo).Pérez García, JC. (2019). ‘Memorias de un periodista musical’ (una novela gráfica). ANIAV - Revista de Investigación en Artes Visuales. (5):116-127. https://doi.org/10.4995/aniav.2019.12029SWORD1161275Barthes, R. (2006). La cámara lúcida. Trad. Joaquim Sala-Sanahuja. Barcelona: Paidós.Beaty, B. (2012). Comic Vs. Art. Toronto: University Press of Toronto.Didi-Huberman, G. (2004). Imágenes pese a todo. Trad. Mariana Miracle. Barcelona: Espasa.Fontcuberta, J. (2016). La furia de las imágenes. Notas sobre la postfotografía. Barcelona: Galaxia Gutemberg.García, S. (2010). La novela gráfica. Bilbao: Astiberri.Groensteen, T. (2007). The System of Comics. Trad. inglesa de Bart Beaty y Nick Nguyen. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.Hatfield, C. (2005). Alternative Comics. An Emerging Literature. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.Hirsch, M. (2001). "Surviving Images: Holocaust Photographs and the Work of Postmemory", The Yale Journal of Criticism, 14-1, pp. 5-38. https://doi.org/10.1353/yale.2001.0008Gubern, R. (1972). El lenguaje de los comics. Barcelona: Edicions 62.Marco, J. (2007). "Prólogo", en MOIX, T. Historia social del cómic. Barcelona: Bruguera.MCCLOUD, S. (2005). Entender el cómic. El arte invisible. Trad. Enrique S. Abulí. Bilbao: Astiberri.Medley, S. (2010). "Discerning Pictures: How We Look At and Understand Images in Comics", Studies in Comics 1-1, pp. 53-70. https://doi.org/10.1386/stic.1.1.53/1Pahn, R. y Bataille, C. (2013). La eliminación. Trad. Joan Riambau. Barcelona, Anagrama.Pérez, P. (2013). "El discurso interior en los cómics de Frank Miller", Ítaca vol. 1, nº 3, pp. 97-147. https://doi.org/10.14198/ITACA2012.3.04Tomás, F. (2005). Escrito, pintado (Dialéctica entre escritura e imágenes en la conformación del pensamiento europeo). Madrid: Antonio Machado Libros, pp. 20-21.Varillas, R. (2009). La arquitectura de las viñetas. Texto y discurso en el cómic. Sevilla: Viaje a Bizancio.Virilio, P. (1988). Estética de la desaparición. Trad. Noni Benegas. Barcelona: Anagram

El discurso interior en los cómics de Frank Miller

Des dels anys vuitantes, Frank Miller ha estat reconegut com un dels principals renovadors del comic book produït per la industria nordamericana. Un dels seus trets d’estil més distintius i influents és el tractament del discurs interior dels personatges, inspirat per la novel·la hard-boiled i el cinema negre americans, però també per còmics previs, de crim i de superherois. En aquest article comentem els diversos usos del discurs interior en els còmics de Miller amb casos d’estudi elegits de tota la seua obra, acompanyats d’una aproximació als antecedents històrics de la introducció de dit recurs en el còmic nord-americà.Since the Eighties, Frank Miller has been recognized as one of the leading innovators in American comic book industry. One of his most distinctive and influential features of style is the treatment of inner speech on his characters, inspired by the American hard-boiled novel and noir film, but also by previous crime and superheroes comics. In this paper, we examine the different uses of inner speech in Miller’s comics with case studies selected from all his work, including a historical approach to the introduction of such device in American comics